B032684 - AERODYNAMICS OF TURBOMACHINERY

italian, english

MODULE: AERODYNAMICS OF TURBOMACHINERY (6 ECTS)
Loss mechanisms in turbomachineries.
Preliminary design of turbomachineries.
Axial and centrifugal compressors.
Axial turbines.
Centrifugal pumps.
MODULE: AEROMECHANICS AND AEROACOUSTICS OF TURBOMACHINERY (3 ECTS)
Aeroelasticity: forced response and flutter.
Noise generation and propagation in turbomachinery applications.

lecture notes

Turbomachines can be found in a huge range of devices: industrial applications, power plants for energy conversion, power systems for energy transition, and ground/marine/aerospace propulsion.
The aim of the course is to provide the basics for the understanding of the operation and of the aerodynamic design of turbomachines with particular emphasis on industrial and aeronautical gas turbines.
For the integrated course (9 CFU) a multi-disciplinary overview of turbomachinery design is targeted, including aeromechanics and aeroacoustics aspects.

Energy Engineering:
1) Knowledge and understanding
CC2B068: Tools for modeling energy/mechanical/propulsion systems and their role in supporting the analysis and design of systems and components. Understanding the organization of information in databases and computer design to support processes
CC5B068: Applied fluid dynamics and machinery: machine components and systems for energy conversion, propulsion and design principles: from the 0D basic approach to CFD for advanced design (optimization).

2) Applying knowledge and understanding
CA1B068: Ability of analysis and modeling of mechanical/electrical/propulsive components and systems: basic problems and models for industrial engineering, with special reference to mechanical and energy engineering.
CA2B068: Ability of applying knowledge in the field of thermofluidodynamic and machinery to solve problems of theoretical and applied thermodynamics, fluid dynamics and heat transfer.
CA4B068: Implement the thermofluidodynamic design of components, starting from the basic aspects (0D) up to the CFD implementation.

Mechanical Engineering:
1) Knowledge and understanding
CC1B071: In-depth knowledge and understanding of the theoretical-scientific aspects of engineering, with a specific reference to mechanical engineering, in which students are able to identify, formulate and solve, even in an innovative way, complex and/or interdisciplinary problems. The ability to understand a multidisciplinary context in the engineering field and to work with a problem solving approach.
CC11B071: Knowledge and understanding of the machinery sector deepening the aspects properly connected with systems for energy production and transformation, with reference also to renewable energies and/or aspects related to propulsion systems. Understanding the role of different energy technologies in ensuring the environmental and economic sustainability of production.

2) Applying knowledge and understanding
CA1B071: Applying knowledge and understanding related to problem identification and formulation of solutions, in the field of mechanical engineering, to set up, design, implement and verify systems and apparatus, even of high functional complexity, taking into account the implications related to environmental, economic and ethical aspects, employing well established methods.
CA2B071: Applying knowledge and understanding related to the analysis and optimization of mechanical devices and systems, as well as to their innovation also through the development and improvement of design methods, constantly confronting with the rapid evolution of mechanical engineering.
CA4B071: Applying knowledge and understanding related to the implementation of engineering projects adapted to their level of knowledge and understanding, working in collaboration with engineers and non-engineers. The projects may concern components, equipment and mechanical systems of various kinds and for the widest possible applications.
CA6B071: Applying knowledge and understanding related to the identification, location and retrieval of data and information necessary for the assessment.
CA11B071: Applying improved knowledge and understanding to present in written, verbal and, if necessary, multimedia form, their arguments and the results of their own study or work, with characteristics of organic and technical rigour.
CA15B071: Applying knowledge and understanding to achieve adequate preparation for tertiary level university studies (frequency to post-master's degree courses and doctoral schools) in order to further deepen knowledge and skills in research.

Soft Skills:
CT1 Written technical communication (reports, deliverables)
CT2 Coordinated work group
CT3 Development of an adequate expression and technical discussion of own arguments
CT4 Graphic representation and communication (drafting of diagrams, graphs and tables)
CT7 To respect commitments and deadlines

Fluid dynamics, Fluid Machinery

The course is taught mainly through lectures with the help of lecture notes provided by the teacher. Attendance is strongly recommended because the topics covered and discussed in the classroom can be assimilated more easily and are the only ones required to pass the final exam.

Visit the official website, access is restricted, ask information to the
teacher: MOODLE https://e-l.unifi.it/

The assessment of the student requires the completion of three written assignments. The three documents must be submitted and are assessed during the oral examination. The assignments are prepared working in a group of students (max 5) (CT2: coordinated work group), must be submitted before the day of the oral examination (CT7) in terms of written technical document in which the numerical and graphical results obtained are critically discussed (CT1, CT3, CT4).

The assignments consist of preliminary design of different turbomachinery configurations. The student is asked to orally answer one or more questions aiming at assessing his/her ability to explain the course subjects.

The student will have to demonstrate to have acquired adequate knowledge of the modeling tools available to the designer (CC2B068, CC5B068) to set up appropriate analyses to obtain the preliminary design of turbomachinery components and obtain information to improve their performance (CC4B068) and formulate appropriate solutions (CA2B068, CA4B068).
The discussion of the assignments will be used to assess these competences.

MODULE: AERODYNAMICS OF TURBOMACHINERY (6 ECTS)
Basic theory of turbomachinery
Loss mechanisms in turbomachinery
COMPRESSORS:
- basic theory, velocity triangles and energy balance.
- blade topology, cascade flowfield, boundary layer and diffusion.
- Through flow and 3D effects.
- off design conditions
- axial flow compressors blades
- centrifugal compressors blades
- stage design, stall, and choke
PUMPS:
- details of operating characteristics.
- rotating and static components (impeller, diffuser and volute).
- cavitation and NPSH.
- pump design and sizing.
TURBINES:
- basic theory.
- cascade flowfield, profile losses, transonic stages.
- Through flow and 3D effects.
- Axial turbine blades.
- Detailed stage analysis.
MODULE: AEROMECHANICS AND AEROACOUSTICS OF TURBOMACHINERY (3 ECTS)
AEROMECHANICS
- aeroelastic phenomena and their causes, experimental and computational aeroelastic analysis
- inter-blade phase angle and nodal diameters, real and complex modes
- forced vibration design, Campbell diagram
- flutter design, Goodman diagram
AEROACOUSTICS
- acoustic waves, noise typologies and their sources, acoustic quantities
- duct acoustics, experimental and computational aeroacoustics analysis, cut-on and cut-off waves
- aeroacoustics design and noise reduction techniques

Affordable and clean energy.