Menù principale
B019733 - KINESIOLOGY AND BIOMECHANICS
Main information
Teaching Language
Course Content
Suggested readings
Learning Objectives
Prerequisites
Teaching Methods
Further information
Type of Assessment
Course program
Academic Year 2018-19
Coorte 2018 - 3-years First Cycle Degree (DM 270/04) in PHYSIOTHERAPY
Course year
First year - Second Semester
Belonging Department
Experimantal and Clinical Medicine
Modulo di sola Frequenza of
Scientific Area
MED/48 - NURSING IN NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND REHABILITATION
Credits
3
Teaching Hours
49
Teaching Term
04/03/2019 ⇒ 30/04/2020
Attendance required
No
Type of Evaluation
Giudizio Finale
Course Content
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Course program
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Lectureship
- Sede di EMPOLI
- Sede di FIRENZE
- Sede di PISTOIA DI CESARE MAURO
- Sede di PISTOIA DI CESARE MAURO
Teaching Language
Italian
Course Content
The course provides basic elements to acquire knowledge and competencies on the biomechanics of human movement and the physiology of the Musculoskeletal system
Suggested readings (Search our library's catalogue)
Enoka R.M. Neuromechanics of Human Movement. Human Kinetics, Champaign, Illinois, 2015.
Wiktorin von Heijne C., Nordin M. Introduction to Problem Solving in Biomechanics. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1986.
Kapandji I.A. (1994): Fisiologia articolare. Vol. 1, 2 e 3. Monduzzi.
Norkin C.C., Levangie P.K. (1992): Joint Structure and Function, ed. 2. Davis Co, Philadelphia.
Hoppenfeld S. (1985): L’esame obiettivo dell’apparato locomotore. Gaggi-Piccin.
Wiktorin von Heijne C., Nordin M. Introduction to Problem Solving in Biomechanics. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1986.
Kapandji I.A. (1994): Fisiologia articolare. Vol. 1, 2 e 3. Monduzzi.
Norkin C.C., Levangie P.K. (1992): Joint Structure and Function, ed. 2. Davis Co, Philadelphia.
Hoppenfeld S. (1985): L’esame obiettivo dell’apparato locomotore. Gaggi-Piccin.
Learning Objectives
By the end of the course, the student will acquire knowledge and competencies on:
1) the mechanical principles that apply to the work of the physiotherapist.
2) the concept of movement as a result of the interaction between a biological system and the surrounding environment.
3) the relationship between structure and function of all joints of the human body.
By the end of the course, the student will acquire the capacity of applying knowledge and competencies on:
1) the application of biomechanical principles for solving clinical problems
2) the observation and analysis of the normal movement of the head, trunk, and limbs
3) the identification and palpation of major anatomical landmarks
4) the identification and palpation of superficial and, when possible, deep muscles, joints, and ligaments
5) the analysis of normal and abnormal movements.
1) the mechanical principles that apply to the work of the physiotherapist.
2) the concept of movement as a result of the interaction between a biological system and the surrounding environment.
3) the relationship between structure and function of all joints of the human body.
By the end of the course, the student will acquire the capacity of applying knowledge and competencies on:
1) the application of biomechanical principles for solving clinical problems
2) the observation and analysis of the normal movement of the head, trunk, and limbs
3) the identification and palpation of major anatomical landmarks
4) the identification and palpation of superficial and, when possible, deep muscles, joints, and ligaments
5) the analysis of normal and abnormal movements.
Prerequisites
Knowledge of Physics (especially Mechanics) and Anatomy of Musculoskeletal system.
Teaching Methods
Frontal lessons.
Exercises on biomechanical problems.
Exercises on biomechanical problems.
Further information
Type of Assessment
Written test and oral examination to verify achievement knowledge and competencies as indicated in the learning objectives.
Course program
1. PRINCIPLES OF BIOMECHANICS
1.1 Definition, aims, and branches of Biomechanics
1.2 Kinematics
Linear and angular kinematics
Movement of skeletal segments
Open and closed kinematic chains
Kinematic quantities
Graphic relationships between kinematic quantities
1.3 Kinetics
Concept of external and internal forces
Free-body diagrams
Simple machines in the human body: anatomical levers, simple pulley
Gravity: segmental weights, location of the center of gravity
Friction
Archimedes’ principle
Ground reaction force: center of pressure, components of ground reaction force
Inertial forces and torques
Joint reaction forces: definition and computation
Muscle force decomposition in perpendicular and tangential components
Statics: translational and rotational equilibrium conditions, stability
Dynamics
Biomechanics of the skeletal muscle
Three components biomechanical model
Architecture: types of muscle fibers and motor units; arrangement of generating strength units (serially, in parallel arrangement)
Muscle mechanics: length/tension, torque/angle, force/velocity, dynamic length/tension relationships and their implications
Activation mechanisms: recruitment of motor units, motor unit firing rate
Types of muscle contraction
Muscle work and power
Biomechanics of tendons and ligaments
Elasticity
Plasticity
Viscoelasticity: creep and load relaxation
2. JOINTS MECHANICS AND PHYSIOLOGY
Generality
Classification of joints
Plans and axes of motion, degrees of freedom
Stability and mobility
Factors limiting motion
Movement of joint surfaces (arthrokinematics)
Theoretical and actual action of a muscle
Action of muscles during movement: agonist, antagonist, synergist (fixator, neutralizer)
Lubrication of synovial joints
Analysis of the human joints (functional anatomy, mechanics, arthrokinematics, range of motion (r.o.m.), factors limiting motion, agonist and synergistic muscles):
Shoulder joint complex
Elbow
Wrist
Hand
Hip
Knee
Ankle and foot
Cervical, dorsal, lumbar, and sacral spine
Temporomandibular joint
1.1 Definition, aims, and branches of Biomechanics
1.2 Kinematics
Linear and angular kinematics
Movement of skeletal segments
Open and closed kinematic chains
Kinematic quantities
Graphic relationships between kinematic quantities
1.3 Kinetics
Concept of external and internal forces
Free-body diagrams
Simple machines in the human body: anatomical levers, simple pulley
Gravity: segmental weights, location of the center of gravity
Friction
Archimedes’ principle
Ground reaction force: center of pressure, components of ground reaction force
Inertial forces and torques
Joint reaction forces: definition and computation
Muscle force decomposition in perpendicular and tangential components
Statics: translational and rotational equilibrium conditions, stability
Dynamics
Biomechanics of the skeletal muscle
Three components biomechanical model
Architecture: types of muscle fibers and motor units; arrangement of generating strength units (serially, in parallel arrangement)
Muscle mechanics: length/tension, torque/angle, force/velocity, dynamic length/tension relationships and their implications
Activation mechanisms: recruitment of motor units, motor unit firing rate
Types of muscle contraction
Muscle work and power
Biomechanics of tendons and ligaments
Elasticity
Plasticity
Viscoelasticity: creep and load relaxation
2. JOINTS MECHANICS AND PHYSIOLOGY
Generality
Classification of joints
Plans and axes of motion, degrees of freedom
Stability and mobility
Factors limiting motion
Movement of joint surfaces (arthrokinematics)
Theoretical and actual action of a muscle
Action of muscles during movement: agonist, antagonist, synergist (fixator, neutralizer)
Lubrication of synovial joints
Analysis of the human joints (functional anatomy, mechanics, arthrokinematics, range of motion (r.o.m.), factors limiting motion, agonist and synergistic muscles):
Shoulder joint complex
Elbow
Wrist
Hand
Hip
Knee
Ankle and foot
Cervical, dorsal, lumbar, and sacral spine
Temporomandibular joint