B016909 - GENERAL PATHOLOGY

Italian

The course represents the students' first introduction to the concepts of disease and reaction against pathogens. Basic studies of Pathology, in particular in the fields of physiological homeostasis and its pathological alterations, tissue repair and regeneration starting from stem cells, cancer biology, hemostasis and vascular pathology.

Knowledge and understanding: The course represents the students' first introduction to the concepts of disease and reaction against pathogens. Basic notions of General Pathology will be acquired, in particular in the fields of physiological homeostasis and its pathological changes, inflammation, tissue repair and regeneration starting from stem cells, cancer biology and hemostasis.

Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: Acquired skills: Students are enabled to successfully attend subsequent theoretical / practical courses, in particular in the areas of special organ pathology, tissue regeneration, integrated defense mechanisms against pathogens.
Skills acquired: This is a basic course aimed exclusively at theoretical-cultural training.

None on the basis of the provisions of the Degree Course Council. However, it is considered very useful to have attended and acquired the knowledge of the courses of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology.

Lectures

The teacher receives by appointment by e-mail

The final test will consist of an oral examination which consists on average of 2-3 questions about the topics in the course program and in the material available in the Moodle platform. The final grade is made by evaluating the clarity of explanation, the ability to link and communication skills of the student.

GENERAL PATHOLOGY
- Health and disease. Classification of causes of disease. Etiology, pathogen and pathogenesis. Homeostasis. Denomination of biomedical disciplines dealing with etio-pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinics and therapy.
CELL INJURY AND DEATH
- Elementary pathological processes. Cell injury, death (apoptosis, necrosis) and adaptation.
INFLAMMATION AND TISSUE REPAIR
- Inflammation: general concepts. Toxicity and persistence within tissue of pathogen and their relationship to the type of inflammatory response. General characters of acute inflammation.
- Pathophysiology of microcirculation.
- Microvascular changes in acute inflammation. Inflammatory oedema.
- Mediators of acute inflammation. Cytokines.
- Cells of acute inflammation; recruitment and action.
- Abscess and “chronic” abscess.
- Chronicized/chronic diffuse (secondary or primary, “aspecific”) inflammation and chronic granulomatous (primary, “specific”) inflammation.
- Mononuclear phagocyte system. Properties and functions of macrophages. Macrophage activation.
- Granulomas.
- Tissue repair; healing.
- Systemic effects of inflammation.
- Pathophysiology of thermoregulation.
- Hyperthermia and fever.
TISSUE REGENERATION
- Regeneration and repair. General concepts of clonogenic, stem, progenitor, precursor, differentiated and mature cell.
HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES, THROMBOSIS AND SHOCK
- Hemostasis: platelet aggregation, plasma clotting and fibrinolisis.
-Thrombosis, embolia, hypoxias, ischemia, shock, atherosclerosis.
NEOPLASIAS
- General aspects of tumor growth. Etiology and epidemiology of neoplasias. Benign and malignant neoplasias. General denomination of neoplasias.
Natural history of neoplasias: initiation, promotion and progression. Carcinomas in situ, local invasiveness and metastasis.
Molecular bases of neoplasias.